Risk factors include radiation exposure and possibly smoking. The only known risk factors for salivary gland cancers are Sjogren's syndrome and exposure to radiation. Sjogren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder. The body's immune defenses attack different parts of the body, including the salivary glands, the lacrimal glands (glands that produce tears), and occasionally the skin's sweat and oil glands. Other parts of the body may be affected, including the joints, lungs and nervous system. Most people with this disease are women who first develop symptoms during middle age. In about half of cases, the illness occurs together with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus), scleroderma or polymyositis. Sialadenosis (nonspecific salivary gland enlargement).Sometimes, the salivary glands become enlarged without evidence of infection, inflammation or tumor.
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